China

Evaluating the creative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) often requires human assessments that are difficult to scale, and previous studies have not focused on LLMs&#39; capabilities to produce realistic social structures in storytelling. We introduce a novel, scalable methodology for evaluating LLM story generation by analyzing underlying social structures in narratives as signed character networks. In this study, we conduct a large-scale comparative analysis using networks from over 1,200 stories, generated by four leading LLMs and a human-written corpus. Our analysis of network properties like density, clustering, and signed edge weights shows that LLM-generated stories consistently exhibit a strong bias toward tightly-knit, positive relationships, which aligns with findings from prior research using human assessment. Our proposed approach provides a valuable tool for understanding limitations and tendencies in the storytelling of current and future LLMs and is also applicable to the setting of interactive narratives.

EMNLP 2025

Evaluating LLM Story Generation through Large-scale Network Analysis of Social Structures

character networks

large language models

story generation

### Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Message from the General Chair: 
*It is my great pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025), held in beautiful Vienna, Austria, from July 27 to August 1, 2025. ACL2025continues our field’s tradition of excellence in scholarship, innovation, and inclusivity, and I am deeply grateful to the many volunteers who have worked tirelessly to bring this event to life.* 
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ACL 2025

Welcome to The 63rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL 2025)

Evaluating the creative capabilities of large language models (LLMs) often requires human assessments that are difficult to scale, and previous studies have not focused on LLMs' capabilities to produce realistic social structures in storytelling. We introduce a novel, scalable methodology for evaluating LLM story generation by analyzing underlying social structures in narratives as signed character networks. In this study, we conduct a large-scale comparative analysis using networks from over 1,200 stories, generated by four leading LLMs and a human-written corpus. Our analysis of network properties like density, clustering, and signed edge weights shows that LLM-generated stories consistently exhibit a strong bias toward tightly-knit, positive relationships, which aligns with findings from prior research using human assessment. Our proposed approach provides a valuable tool for understanding limitations and tendencies in the storytelling of current and future LLMs and is also applicable to the setting of interactive narratives.

workshop paper

## Welcome!
"I am excited to welcome you to this year’s edition of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing! Importantly, it marks the 30th edition of EMNLP. With over 8,000 submissions, more than 3,000 accepted papers, and thousands of attendees, we have come a long way from that first
workshop, which had 14 accepted papers. As the field looks ahead, Suzhou is the fitting location for celebrating this milestone: rooted in a long literary tradition, yet modern and forward-looking, and home to a large share of the NLP community." 

*Message from the General Chair, Dirk Hovy*

Celebrate 30 Years of EMNLP! 
EMNLP 2025 will be held in Suzhou, China from November 5th to November 9th, 2025.

Workload traces are essential to understand complex computer systems' behavior and manage processing and memory resources. Since real-world traces are hard to obtain, synthetic trace generation is a promising alternative. This paper proposes a first-of-a-kind approach that relies on training a large language model (LLM) to generate synthetic workload traces, specifically microservice call graphs. To capture complex and arbitrary hierarchical structures and implicit constraints in such traces, we show how to fine-tune LLMs to generate recursively, making call graph generation a sequence of easier steps. To further enforce learning constraints in traces and generate uncommon situations, we argue for applying additional instruction tuning steps to align our model with the desired trace features. Our evaluation results show that we can generate diverse realistic traces under various conditions and outperform existing methods in accuracy and validity. We demonstrate that our synthetically generated traces can effectively replace real data to optimize important microservice management tasks. Additionally, our model adapts to downstream trace-related tasks, such as predicting key trace features and infilling missing data.

Large Language Models as Realistic Microservice Trace Generators

Personalization is essential for question answering systems that are user-centric. Despite its importance, personalization in answer generation has been relatively underexplored. This is mainly due to lack of resources for training and evaluating personalized question answering systems. We address this gap by introducing LaMP-QA---a benchmark designed for evaluating personalized long-form answer generation. The benchmark covers questions from three major categories: (1) Arts & Entertainment, (2) Lifestyle & Personal Development, and (3) Society & Culture, encompassing over 45 subcategories in total. To assess the quality and potential impact of the LaMP-QA benchmark for personalized question answering, we conduct comprehensive human and automatic evaluations, to compare multiple evaluation strategies for evaluating generated personalized responses and measure their alignment with human preferences. Furthermore, we benchmark a number of non-personalized and personalized approaches based on open-source and proprietary large language models (LLMs). Our results show that incorporating the personalized context provided leads to performance improvements of up to 39%. The benchmark is publicly released to support future research in this area.

LaMP-QA: A Benchmark for Personalized Long-form Question Answering

Multimodal question answering (QA) often requires identifying which video, audio, or sensor tokens are relevant to the question. Yet modality disagreements are common: off-camera speech, background noise, or motion outside the field of view often mislead fusion models that weight all streams equally. We present RAVEN, a unified QA architecture whose core is QuART, a query-conditioned cross-modal gating module that assigns scalar relevance scores to each token across modalities, enabling the model to amplify informative signals and suppress distractors before fusion. RAVEN is trained through a three-stage pipeline comprising unimodal pretraining, query-aligned fusion, and disagreement-oriented fine-tuning - each stage targeting a distinct challenge in multi-modal reasoning: representation quality, cross-modal relevance, and robustness to modality mismatch. To support training and evaluation, we release AVS-QA, a dataset of 300K synchronized Audio-Video-Sensor streams paired with automatically generated question-answer pairs. Experimental results on seven multi-modal QA benchmarks - including egocentric and exocentric tasks - show that RAVEN achieves up to 14.5% and 8.0% gains in accuracy compared to state-of-the-art multi-modal large language models, respectively. Incorporating sensor data provides an additional 16.4% boost, and the model remains robust under modality corruption, outperforming SOTA baselines by 50.23%. Our code and dataset are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/RAVEN/.

RAVEN: Query-Guided Representation Alignment for Question Answering over Audio, Video, Embedded Sensors, and Natural Language

In this work, we present sequence-driven structural causal models (SD-SCMs), a framework for specifying causal models with user-defined structure and language-model-defined mechanisms. We characterize how an SD-SCM enables sampling from observational, interventional, and counterfactual distributions according to the desired causal structure. We then leverage this procedure to propose a new type of benchmark for causal inference methods, generating individual-level counterfactual data to test treatment effect estimation. We create an example benchmark consisting of thousands of datasets, and test a suite of popular estimation methods for average, conditional average, and individual treatment effect estimation. We find under this benchmark that (1) causal methods outperform non-causal methods and that (2) even state-of-the-art methods struggle with individualized effect estimation, suggesting this benchmark captures some inherent difficulties in causal estimation. Apart from generating data, this same technique can underpin the auditing of language models for (un)desirable causal effects, such as misinformation or discrimination. We believe SD-SCMs can serve as a useful tool in any application that would benefit from sequential data with controllable causal structure.

Language Models as Causal Effect Generators

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, but controlling their behavior reliably remains challenging, especially in open-ended generation settings. This paper introduces a novel supervised steering approach that operates in sparse, interpretable representation spaces. We employ sparse autoencoders (SAEs) to obtain sparse latent representations that aim to disentangle semantic attributes from model activations. Then we train linear classifiers to identify a small subspace of task-relevant dimensions in latent representations. Finally, we learn supervised steering vectors constrained to this subspace, optimized to align with target behaviors. Experiments across sentiment, truthfulness, and politics polarity steering tasks with multiple LLMs demonstrate that our supervised steering vectors achieve higher success rates with minimal degradation in generation quality compared to existing methods. Further analysis reveals that a notably small subspace is sufficient for effective steering, enabling more targeted and interpretable interventions.

SAE-SSV: Supervised Steering in Sparse Representation Spaces for Reliable Control of Language Models

Simulating interactive world models remains a core challenge in Large Language Models(LLMs). In this work, we introduce the ByteSized32Refactored, a refactored, modular, and extensible implementation of the original ByteSized32 corpus to explore the task of text game generation. We further optimize the code structure of each text game and create the GameBasic.py foundation library, which centralizes common logic across all 32 games by abstracting 7 base classes (GameObject, etc.) into reusable modules, thereby reducing from 20k to 10k total lines of Python code compared to the original Bytesized32. Our refactored implementation enables extendability - with our centralized design, ByteSized32Refactored can be more efficiently extended to include text games of new scenarios and specifications by reusing the shared logic and functionalities. Extensive experiments with GPT-4o demonstrate a mix of performance - with Bytesized32Refactored, the generated text games for unseen scenarios showcase quality improvements on two of the four evaluation dimensions while decreases on the other two, indicating that the hierarchical structure of the refactored code presents new challenges for LLMs. Overall, we highlight that our extensible code structure, centered on the foundation library and the modular optimization, not only facilitates LLM adaptation to environment specifications but also establishes a scalable environment that supports future extensions.

ByteSized32Refactored: Towards an Extensible Interactive Text Games Corpus for LLM World Modeling and Evaluation

In the rapidly expanding streaming media landscape, engaging Promotional Introduction Texts (PIT) are essential for attracting viewers to various forms of media arts, such as movies and comics. Traditionally, these texts are manually written, leading to inconsistencies in quality and higher production costs. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing an end-to-end framework for automatically generating attractive PITs directly from storylines. However, currently, there is insufficient data and a lack of evaluation methods specifically designed for PIT generation. We constructed a dataset of 263 storylines extracted from Japanese media arts and their associated PITs. Using the dataset, We evaluated generations of six large language models by manual evaluation and automated evaluation (GPT-4) on attractiveness, consistency, and quality. Results demonstrated that there are trade-offs between generating attractive texts and maintaining the storyline, and achieving both objectives at the same time is a challenging task. We also find that there is a significant gap between automatic evaluation and human evaluation.

On Generating Consistent and Attractive Promotional Introduction Text for Narrative Media Arts

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for cre- ating dynamic NPCs in gaming environments, enabling both functional task execution and persona-consistent dialogue generation. In this paper, we (Tu_Character_lab) report our participation in the Commonsense Persona- Grounded Dialogue Challenge (CPDC) 2025 Round 2. which evaluates agents across three tracks: task-oriented dialogue, context-aware dialogue, and their integration. Our ap- proach combines two complementary strate- gies: (i) lightweight prompting techniques in the API track, including a Deflanderization prompt- ing method to suppress excessive role-play and improve task fidelity, and (ii) fine-tuned large models in the GPU track, leveraging Qwen3-14B with supervised finetuning (SFT) and LoRA adaptation. Our best submissions ranked 2nd on Task 1, 2nd on Task 3 (API track), and 4th on Task 3 (GPU track).

Deflanderization for Game Dialogue: Balancing Character Authenticity with Task Execution in LLM-based NPCs

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly serve as role-playing agents, yet their ability to consistently portray version-specific characters, such as superhero from different comic or movie universes, remains underexplored. Superhero universes such as Marvel and DC offer a uniquely rich and interesting testbed: decades of narratives define multiple incarnations of the same character, each with distinct histories, values, and moral codes. To study this challenge, we introduce Beyond One World, a benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs on character-based role-playing across 30 iconic heroes and 90 specific versions. The benchmark contains two tasks: (i) Canon Events, probing factual recall of pivotal life stages, and (ii) Moral Dilemmas, confronting models with ethically charged scenarios. Responses are scored for both accuracy and reasoning fidelity using a framework that distinguishes internal deliberation (thinking) from external actions (acting). We propose a Think–Act Matching metric to quantify alignment between reasoning and action, potentially indicating model trustworthiness. Experimental results across reasoning and non-reasoning models reveal three key findings: (1) chain-of-thought prompting improves coherence in weaker models but can reduce canonical accuracy in stronger ones; (2) cross-character generalization across versions remains a significant obstacle; and (3) models often excel in either thinking or acting but rarely both. Beyond One World highlights critical gaps in multiversal consistency and reasoning alignment, providing a new and challenging role-playing LLM evaluation.

Beyond One World: Benchmarking Super Heros in Role-Playing Across Multiversal Contexts

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly tested in strategic decision-making tasks, yet most evaluations focus on their ability to approximate equilibrium solutions rather than how closely they resemble human behavior. We study instead the alignment of LLM with human common sense reasoning by letting agents play in three classic game-theoretic settings: rock–paper–scissors, the centipede game, and the traveler’s dilemma, where human strategies are known to diverge from theoretical predictions. We argue that such games provide a simple, controlled testbed for probing the gap between human and machine reasoning in strategic contexts. The preliminary results presented in this extended abstract, show a partial alignment with human reasoning in some settings.

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