Singapore

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a cornerstone of modern oncologic and neurologic imaging, distinguished by its unique ability to illuminate dynamic metabolic processes that transcend the anatomical focus of traditional imaging technologies. Radiology reports are essential for clinical decision making, yet their manual creation is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Recent advancements of vision-language models (VLMs) have shown strong potential in medical applications, presenting a promising avenue for automating report generation. However, existing applications of VLMs in the medical domain have predominantly focused on structural imaging modalities, while the unique characteristics of molecular PET imaging have largely been overlooked. To bridge the gap, we introduce PET2Rep, a large-scale comprehensive benchmark for evaluation of general and medical VLMs for radiology report generation for PET images. PET2Rep stands out as the first dedicated dataset for PET report generation with metabolic information, uniquely capturing whole-body image-report pairs that cover dozens of organs to fill the critical gap in existing benchmarks and mirror real-world clinical comprehensiveness. In addition to widely recognized natural language generation metrics, we introduce a series of clinical efficiency metrics to evaluate the quality of radiotracer uptake pattern description in key organs in generated reports. We conduct a head-to-head comparison of 30 cutting-edge general-purpose and medical-specialized VLMs. The results show that the current state-of-the-art VLMs perform poorly on PET report generation task, falling considerably short of fulfilling practical needs. Moreover, we identify several key insufficiency that need to be addressed to advance the development in medical applications. We believe PET2Rep will serve as a platform for the development and application of VLMs for PET imaging, accelerating the development of trustworthy reporting tools that can genuinely alleviate radiologist burden and enhance patient care.

AAAI 2026

PET2Rep: Towards Vision-Language Model-Drived Automated Radiology Report Generation for Positron Emission Tomography

medical and biological imaging

applications

language and vision

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CAP Virtual Congress 2021

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We are pleased to announce the Fortieth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-26), which will be held in Singapore EXPO from January 20 to January 27, 2026.

Recovering point clouds involves the sequential process of sampling and restoration, yet existing methods struggle to effectively leverage both topological and geometric attributes. To address this, we propose an end-to-end architecture named \textbf{TopGeoFormer}, which maintains these critical properties throughout the sampling and restoration phases. 
First, we revisit traditional feature extraction techniques to yield topological embedding using a continuous mapping of relative relationships between neighboring points, and integrate it in both phases for preserving the structure of the original space.
Second, we propose the \textbf{InterTwining Attention} to fully merge topological and geometric embeddings, which queries shape with local awareness in both phases to form a learnable 3D shape context facilitated with point-wise, point-shape-wise, and intra-shape features.
Third, we introduce a full geometry loss and a topological constraint loss to optimize the embeddings in both Euclidean and topological spaces. The geometry loss uses inconsistent matching between coarse-to-fine generations and targets for reconstructing better geometric details, and the constraint loss limits embedding variances for better approximation of the topological space.
In experiments, we comprehensively analyze the circumstances using the conventional and learning-based sampling/upsampling/recovery algorithms. The quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms existing sampling and recovery methods.

Preserving Topological and Geometric Embeddings for Point Cloud Recovery

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have achieved remarkable performance in common conditions but often struggle to leverage long-context information in contextualized scenarios that require domain-specific knowledge, such as conference presentations. This challenge arises primarily due to constrained model context windows and the sparsity of relevant information within extensive contextual noise. To solve this, we propose the SAP^2 method, a novel framework that dynamically prunes and integrates relevant contextual keywords in two stages. Specifically, each stage leverages our proposed Speech-Driven Attention-based Pooling mechanism, enabling efficient compression of context embeddings while preserving speech-salient information. Experimental results demonstrate state-of-the-art performance of SAP^2 on the SlideSpeech and LibriSpeech datasets, achieving word error rates (WER) of 7.71\% and 1.12\%, respectively. On SlideSpeech, our method notably reduces biased keyword error rates (B-WER) by 41.1\% compared to non-contextual baselines. SAP^2 also exhibits robust scalability, consistently maintaining performance under extensive contextual input conditions on both datasets.

Speech-Aware Long Context Pruning and Integration for Contextualized Automatic Speech Recognition

Learning finite automata from positive examples has recently gained attention as a powerful approach for understanding, explaining, analyzing, and verifying black-box systems. The motivation for focusing solely on positive examples arises from the practical limitation that we can only observe what a system is capable of (positive examples) but not what it cannot do (negative examples). Unlike the classical problem of passive DFA learning with both positive and negative examples, which has been known to be NP-complete since the 1970s, the topic of learning DFAs exclusively from positive examples remains poorly understood. This paper introduces a novel perspective on this problem by leveraging the concept of counting the number of accepted words up to a carefully determined length. Our contributions are twofold. First, we prove that computing the minimal number of words up to this length accepted by DFAs of a given size that accept all positive examples, is NP-complete, establishing that learning from positive examples alone is computationally demanding. Second, we propose a new learning algorithm with a better asymptotic runtime that the best-known bound for existing algorithms. While our experimental evaluation reveals that this algorithm under-performs state-of-the-art methods, it demonstrates significant potential as a preprocessing step to enhance existing approaches.

Learning DFAs from Positive Examples Only via Word Counting

Dense visual prediction tasks, including object detection and segmentation, inherently require precise and discriminative positional information to delineate object boundaries and pixel regions. Recent DETR-based frameworks advance dense prediction tasks through iterative attention applied to content queries, with sampled proposals as position references. However, this paradigm suffers from the misaligned sampling distribution and insufficient interaction between the content and position features, thereby limiting the encoding
effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, we investigate the encoding paradigm for content-position harmonization and propose a unified predictor for dense visual tasks, termed DAPE (DETR with hArmonized content-Position Encoding). DAPE introduces explicit position encoding to facilitate content enhancement while maintaining low memory overhead. To achieves this process, DAPE comprises a Shifted Query Sampler (SQS) that enforces strict alignment between the distributions of content and position queries, and a 2D Low-
Rank Position Encoder (LRPE) that progressively modulates attention maps based on the aligned representations. DAPE provides a unified solution for various dense prediction tasks. Extensive experiments on object detection, instance segmentation, and few-shot detection benchmarks demonstrate that DAPE achieves state-of-the-art performance while reducing memory consumption. Code will be released upon publication.

DAPE: Harmonizing Content-Position Encoding for Versatile Dense Visual Prediction

While LLMs have shown great success in financial tasks like stock prediction and question answering, their application in fully automating Equity Research Report generation remains uncharted territory. In this paper, we formulate the Equity Research Report (ERR) Generation task for the first time. To address the data scarcity and the evaluation metrics absence, we present an open-source evaluation benchmark for ERR generation - FinRpt. We frame a Dataset Construction Pipeline that integrates 7 financial data types and produces a high-quality ERR dataset automatically, which could be used for model training and evaluation. We also introduce a comprehensive evaluation system including 11 metrics to assess the generated ERRs. Moreover, we propose a multi-agent framework specifically tailored to address this task, named FinRpt-Gen, and train several LLM-based agents on the proposed datasets using Supervised Fine-Tuning and Reinforcement Learning. Experimental results indicate the data quality and metrics effectiveness of the benchmark FinRpt and the strong performance of FinRpt-Gen, showcasing their potential to drive innovation in the ERR generation field. All code and datasets are publicly available.

FinRpt: Dataset, Evaluation System and LLM-based Multi-agent Framework for Equity Research Report Generation

Text-video retrieval aims to bridge vision and language areas, which is a crucial task in multi-modal intelligence. The core idea is to learn video and textual features to quantify their semantic relevance. A common limitation in current approaches is the oversimplification of video content, where complex spatiotemporal structures are compressed into a single global representation. Consequently, these methods struggle to fully capture dynamic visual variations and discriminative appearance inside a video, further complicating cross-modal alignment. To alleviate these issues, we introduce a novel decoupling approach that independently processes appearance and motion cues, capitalizing on their complementary nature for more expressive video modeling. Specifically, we propose an appearance-motion decomposed network (AMD-Net) to decouple spatial-level appearance and temporal-level motion understanding via the discriminative appearance learning and multi-scale motion learning modules. The proposed model enjoys several merits. First, the designed discriminative appearance learning module with a Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) based prototype initialization can effectively reduce redundant appearance information, and a high-order cross-aggregation mechanism enhances prototype resilience and facilitates comprehensive video understanding. Second, the proposed multi-scale motion learning (MML) module can capture motion features at varying temporal scales, which are complementary to appearance features for accurate text-video retrieval. Extensive experiments on five standard benchmarks demonstrate that our method performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods.

Appearance-Motion Decomposed Alignment for Text-Video Retrieval

Diffusion Transformers (DiTs) are a powerful yet underexplored class of generative models compared to U-Net-based diffusion architectures. We propose TIDE—Temporal-aware sparse autoencoders for Interpretable Diffusion transformErs—a framework designed to extract sparse, interpretable activation features across timesteps in DiTs. TIDE effectively captures temporally-varying representations and reveals that DiTs naturally learn hierarchical semantics (e.g., 3D structure, object class, and fine-grained concepts) during large-scale pretraining. Experiments show that TIDE enhances interpretability and controllability while maintaining reasonable generation quality, enabling applications such as safe image editing and style transfer.

TIDE: Temporal-Aware Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Diffusion Transformers in Image Generation

Modality-agnostic Semantic Segmentation (MaSS) aims to achieve robust scene understanding across arbitrary combinations of input modality. Existing methods typically rely on explicit feature alignment to achieve modal homogenization, which dilutes the distinctive strengths of each modality and destroys their inherent complementarity. To achieve cooperative harmonization rather than homogenization, we propose CHARM, a novel complementary learning framework designed to implicitly align content while preserving modality-specific advantages through two components: (1) Mutual Perception Unit (MPU), enabling implicit alignment through window-based cross-modal interaction, where modalities serve as both queries and contexts for each other to discover modality-interactive correspondences; (2) A dual-path optimization strategy that decouples training into Collaborative Learning Strategy (CoL) for complementary fusion learning and Individual Enhancement Strategy (InE) for protected modality-specific optimization. Experiments across multiple datasets and backbones indicate that CHARM consistently outperform the baselines, with significant increment on the fragile modalities. This work shifts the focus from model homogenization to harmonization, enabling cross-modal complementarity for true harmony in diversity.

CHARM: Collaborative Harmonization Across Arbitrary Modalities for Modality-Agnostic Semantic Segmentation

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, they still face critical challenges in modeling long-range dependencies under the usage of Rotary Positional Encoding (ROPE). Although it can facilitate precise modeling of token positions, it induces progressive attention decay as token distance increases, especially with progressive attention decay over distant token pairs, which severely impairs the model's ability to remember global context. To alleviate this issue, we propose inference-only Three-step Decay Resilience Strategies (T-DRS), comprising (1) Semantic-Driven DRS (SD-DRS), amplifying semantically meaningful but distant signals via content-aware residuals, (2) Distance-aware Control DRS (DC-DRS), which can purify attention by smoothly modulating weights based on positional distances, suppressing noise while preserving locality, and (3) re-Reinforce Distant DRS (reRD-DRS), consolidating the remaining informative remote dependencies to maintain global coherence. Together, the T-DRS recover suppressed long-range token pairs without harming local inductive biases. Extensive experiments on Vision Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks demonstrate that T-DRS can consistently improve performance in a training-free manner. Our code will be available.

Remember Me: Bridging the Long-Range Gap in LVLMs with Three-Step Inference-Only Decay Resilience Strategies

Rectified flow models have shown strong potential in high-fidelity video generation, yet extending them to high-resolution remains challenging due to the high cost of full attention and error accumulation in the ODE-solving process. In this paper, we propose S$^2$Flow, a training-free framework that enables efficient and authentic high-resolution video generation by jointly exploring \textbf{Flow}-guided \textbf{S}parse attention and \textbf{S}econd-order ODE solution. Specifically, S$^2$Flow exploits and transfers the semantic and structural information from the low-resolution flow trajectory to guide the high-resolution flow in two aspects. First, S$^2$Flow dynamically captures the sparse patterns of the spatio-temporal attention maps from low-resolution videos to construct localized 3D windows, enabling efficient window attention in high-resolution inference. This can significantly reduce redundant computation while preserving contextual dependencies. Second, S$^2$Flow adopts a second-order ODE solver based on Taylor expansion, where the high-order derivative is approximated via central difference from the low-resolution flow, facilitating accurate high-resolution denoising. Extensive experiments on VBench dataset demonstrate that S$^2$Flow outperforms prior methods in both visual quality and inference speed, enabling $4\times$ acceleration on $2560 \times 1536$ video generation.

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