Spain

ECAI 2020

Applying LSTM Networks to Predict Multi-drug Resistance Using Binary Multivariate Clinical Sequences

The OWSD General Assembly and international conference will be held entirely online for the first time in OWSD's 28-year history, allowing as many of OWSD's 7600+ members to participate as possible.

The conference theme is 'Women, science and development', exploring three areas of relevance: 1) the importance of basic sciences for development; 2) the impact of applied sciences on development and 3) including sex and gender as variables in scientific research.


**Keynote speakers include:** 
* Fabiola Gianotti, Director-General of CERN; 
* Bina Agarwal, an internationally celebrated economist specializing in the political economy of gender, poverty and inequality; and 
* Angela Saini, award-winning author of Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That’s Rewriting the Story, Superior: The Return of Race Science, and other books. 

OWSD members will present their own research in the three themes during poster sessions throughout the conference. In addition, members will also present their own scientific and personal responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. All members will also have the opportunity to take part in a workshop on increasing their visibility and impact as a scientist, with a session on using podcasts for storytelling by Joy Owango and Adelle Onyango of the Training Centre in Communication (TCC Africa), followed by a session on filmmaking for impact by Nicole Leghissa, OWSD video consultant.

The conference will include a handover of the previous OWSD Executive Board to the new members, elected in June-July 2021. On the last day of the conference (19 November), the OWSD Italy Country Network will be launched. **This will be an in-person event in Trieste.** Italian government representatives and donors are invited to attend. The Trieste event will be coordinated with similar in person events being held in OWSD countries throughout the developing world and streamed online. At least 2,000 OWSD members, women scientists from developing countries around the world, are expected to participate online in the General Assembly and conference.

 

**ABOUT THE PROGRAMME**

In order to approach the complex and wide-ranging challenges of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, societies around the world must access and harness all the talent and experience available to them. The concerns and perceptions of the greatest number of all possible actors and recipients must be considered in order that the most relevant issues and effective solutions are found. Women are considerably underrepresented as researchers in STEM subjects around the globe; according to UNESCO Institute of Statistics (UIS) data, in 2019 the global average percentage of women researchers was still below 30%. Yet women typically have first hand specialist knowledge of the day-to-day challenges diverse individuals face within communities, and can be key informers in the design and development of their solutions. Moreover, since women are most often the providers of informal community support, if they are not fully informed—and if solutions are developed without their consultation—it may be the case that products, services and solutions are not relevant or appropriate. Technological advances may mean improved machines on large farms, for example, potentially increasing food production, but since the key points of food insecurity in the world are on small-scale farms managed by women throughout the Global South, such capital investments will have little impact in the areas where food production is most critical—and where women’s knowledgeable implementation of appropriate innovative technologies could make the most difference.

 
 


**Keynote Speakers:**
* Fabiola Gianotti, Director-General of CERN; 
* Bina Agarwal, an internationally celebrated economist specializing in the political economy of gender, poverty and inequality; and 
* Angela Saini, award-winning author of Inferior: How Science Got Women Wrong and the New Research That’s Rewriting the Story, Superior: The Return of Race Science, and other books. 

**Eminent Guests:**
* Elena Bonetti, Italian Minister for Family and Equal Opportunities
* Maria Cristina Messa,	Italian Minister of Universities and Research
* Shamila Nair-Bedouelle,	Assistant Director General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO
* Maria Chiara Carrozza,	President, National Research Council of Italy
* Kerstin Jonsson Cisse,	Head of Unit for Globally Sustainable Economic Development, Sida - Sweden
* Naser Faruqui,	Director of Education and Science at IDRC - Canada
* Ylann Schemm,	Director, Elsevier Foundation
* Alberto Quadrio Curzio,	President Emeritus of the Italian Academy of Sciences and Humanities 
* Mohamed Hassan,	President, TWAS the World Academy of Sciences

**Chairs, panelists, interviewers and other speakers:**
Jennifer Thomson, Tonya Blowers, Rana Dajani, Shobhana Narasimhan, Joy Owango, Elizabeth Pollitzer, Kausila Timsina, Elizabeth Bandason, Susana Arrechea, Reinabelle Reyes, Dorine Odongo, Elizabeth Pollitzer, Adelle Onyango, Nicole Leghissa, Jana Rodriguez Hertz, Maryse Nkoua Ngavouka, Kate Shaw, Chao Mbogo, Prativa Pandey, Edna Patricia Matta-Camacho, Amira Shaheen, Wezi Nyambili, Ana Lucía Martinez Abarca, Mashura Shammi, Therese Umuhoza, Dionica Gamboa, Marian Nkansah, Babalola Olubukola Oluranti, Esi Awuah, Fortunate Farirai, Atya Kapley, Hasin Anupama Azhari, Huda Basaleem, Nashwa Eassa, Shymaa Enany, Kleinsy Bonilla, Patricia Castillo-Briceno, Fang Xin

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OWSD 6th GENERAL ASSEMBLY AND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

The conference theme is 'Women, science and development', exploring three areas of relevance: the importance of basic sciences for development; the impact of applied sciences on development, and including sex and gender as variables in scientific research.

technical paper

ECAI2020 featured a full programme of technical papers, as well as many AI-related events of interest for researchers, students and all attendants who are interested on contemporary AI, including:




**An extensive programme of workshops, tutorials, and invited speakers**

**The Prestigious Applications of Intelligent Systems conference (PAIS)**

**The Frontiers in AI track sessions**

**The Lab To Market event**

**The Women in AI time**

**The EU Challenges forum**

… and many more!

ECAI 2020 featured a full programme of technical papers, as well as many AI-related events of interest for researchers, students and all attendants who are interested on contemporary AI.

Modelling an Intelligent Tutoring System based on Supervised Behaviour Biometrics

On Multi-Agent Coordination of Agri-Robot Fleets

I will briefly survey recent and expected developments in AI and their implications. Some are enormously positive, while others, such as the development of autonomous weapons and the replacement of humans in economic roles, may be negative. Beyond these, one must expect that AI capabilities will eventually exceed those of humans across a range of real-world-decision making scenarios. Should this be a cause for concern, as Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, and others have suggested? And, if so, what can we do about it? While some in the mainstream AI community dismiss the issue, I will argue that the problem is real and that the technical aspects of it are solvable if we replace current definitions of AI with a version based on provable benefit to humans.

How not to destroy the world with AI

Earth observation sensors deliver ever-expanding collections of geospatial data at multiple resolutions (spatial, temporal and thematic or spectral). Efficient tools to extract knowledge from these collections are currently missing. Here we present the first release of Clustering geo-Data Cubes (CDC), a Python package to cluster geospatial data cubes by explicitly considering their dimensionality. CDC has three main hallmarks: 1/ it is based on innovative co- and tri-clustering methods that identify groups of pixels with similar spatio-temporal and/or thematic information by simultaneously considering all the dimensions of the data. This overcomes a major limitations of traditional clustering approaches, which analyze each dimension separately; 2/ it provides refined clusters by re-grouping the results obtained from co- and/or tri-clustering. These refined clusters better capture the patterns present in the data and represent a more automatic approach to analyze geospatial data cubes because the number of clusters is automatically chosen via an optimization procedure; and 3/ it allows users to run tasks efficiently by either using NumPy’s threading capabilities or Dask’s parallel computing power. Hence, CDC is a scalable package that can analyze both small and big geospatial data cubes. These hallmarks are showcased through several case studies

Clustering geo-data cubes

The prosumers flexibility procurement has increased due to the current penetration of distributed and variable renewable energy sources. The prosumers flexibility is often able to quickly adjust the power consumption, making it well suited as a primary and secondary reserve for ancillary services. In the era of smart grids, the role of the aggregator has been increasingly exploited and considered as a player that can facilitate small prosumers’ participation in electricity markets. This paper proposes an approach based on the use of prosumers flexibility by an aggregator to support ancillary services at a low voltage level. An asymmetric pool market approach is considered for flexibility negotiation between prosumers and the local marker operator (aggregator). From the achieved results it is possible to conclude that the use of flexibility can bring technical and economic benefits for network operators.

Prosumers Flexibility as Support for Ancillary Services in Low Voltage Level

"A constant stream of plasma is continuously flowing from the Sun. This solar wind reaches the Earth and can have serious effects on our technological infrastructure and health. Multiple spacecraft to measure this plasma and its properties. Understanding where in the Sun such plasma originates help us to understand the connection between our planet and our star. We use modern machine learning techniques that extract automatically data from millions of hours of spacecraft measurements. These techniques do not require the intervention of human experts. Our goal is to allow the computer to discover the properties of the solar plasma without the bias of the scientist. We show in our work how this can be achieved and how it helps the scientists to make new discoveries.

We will present one example of such techniques: unsupervised clustering can be used to segregate different types of solar wind. We propose the use of advanced data reduction methods to process the data, and we introduce the use of multiple classification methods to visualize and interpret 14 years of spacecraft data. Finally, we show how these techniques can potentially be used to uncover hidden information, and how they compare with previous empirical methods."

Machine Learning in Heliophysical Applications: the Example of Unsupervised Solar Wind Classification

This talk focuses on the concept of autonomy and describes a research path followed over the years  on the design and implementation of  software architectures for controlling complex subsystems operating in space, for example an exploration rover.  The leading thread of the talk is the presentation of innovative ideas to increase the level of  autonomy for an intelligent controller. Starting from the description of a mixed-initiative system developed within the ESA Mars-Express mission in operation at ESA-ESOC since 2005, the talk moves on to presenting a new interpretation of the known Sense-Plan-Act (SPA) autonomous and deliberation paradigm and some correlated software architectures. SPA is one of the core ideas to realize autonomous systems, and AI Planning & Scheduling, as well as their integration, are among the basic technologies it is based upon.  Then, an extended paradigm, named Discover-Plan-Act is described, where state-of-the-art AI planning systems are integrated with Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms guided by intrinsic motivations (curiosity, exploration, novelty, surprise). A discussion about the future work and the open research challenges closes the talk.

Extending the autonomy envelope of space applications: a research path

In this presentation I give an overview of the progress in H2020 project ExtremeEarth (http://earthanalytics.eu/) which investigates scalable big data and deep learning techniques for Copernicus data. The project is driven by two use cases in the areas of Food Security and Polar Regions.The former use case aims to develop irrigation recommendations from farmers while the latter will produce ice maps that can aid maritime users in the Arctic. The contributions of the project in the area of deep learning are twofold: (i) the production of two very large training datasets (millions of samples) for crop type mapping and ice classification, and (ii) the study of LSTM and CNN architectures for the same problems. In the area of big data, the project is developing four big linked geospatial data systems and a benchmarking environment for evaluating their performance and scalability. The development of all algorithms, systems and use cases takes place in the big data and AI platform Hopsworks (https://www.logicalclocks.com/) and run on CREODIAS.

Scalable big data and deep learning techniques for Copernicus data

Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based stochastic parallel optimization algorithm that has been successfully applied to solve many optimization problems in Engineering. It is well known that DE performance depends strongly on its control parameters such as mutation factor, crossover probability, and population size. Although the former two control parameters have received a lot of attention, the later has not received the attention it deserves. Like many evolutionary algorithms (EAs), the population size in DE is important as it influences whether good solutions can be found and the time it takes to find them. Generally, the population size of DE algorithm is specified by the user and remains fixed during the run. Therefore, inappropriate choice of the population size may severely hinder the performance of DE algorithm. Previously, DE population size was treated as problem independent. However, recent research suggested that population size is problem dependent; in particular when dealing with high dimension problems. This paper investigates the impact of the population size on the performance of DE when applied to the optimal tuning of power system stabilizers (PSSs). Several population sizes have been investigated and their impact on the performance of the PSSs are presented. The effectiveness of these controllers is assessed using modal analysis and validated by time domain simulations.

Impact of Population Size on the Performance of DE Based Power System Stabilizers

"We propose a Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) based architecture for cloud removal from satellite imagery. Data used for training comprises of visible light RGB and near-infrared (NIR) band images. The novelty lies in the structure of discriminator in GANs architecture. We propose the discriminator to compare generated and target cloud-free RGB images concatenated with their edge-filtered versions. The motivation behind this approach is that such a discriminator drives the
learning of the generator towards better identification of objects
covered by clouds. In the experimental results, we compare our
method with the benchmark solution, and demonstrate that our approach is superior in performing cloud removal for various cloud intensity levels."

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