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Computation has delivered many benefits to the teaching and learning of quantum mechanics. It increases students&#39; engagement with the subject matter, enabling them to be doers as opposed to just thinkers or traditional problem solvers. In many cases, practices, tools and methods previously used only in research have been brought to the classroom, significantly enriching the class. In this presentation we will discuss multimodal techniques, some successfully used in atomic physics, to computation in quantum mechanics, including visual, numerical, and symbolic computation. We will present select activities and projects on large eigenvalue problems, scattering, and time-dependent dynamic evolution. Working examples will be given in Python but the templates should be adaptable to other platforms.

AAPT SM 21

Multimodal computation in quantum mechanics

quantum mechanics

computation

visualization

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Computation has delivered many benefits to the teaching and learning of quantum mechanics. It increases students' engagement with the subject matter, enabling them to be doers as opposed to just thinkers or traditional problem solvers. In many cases, practices, tools and methods previously used only in research have been brought to the classroom, significantly enriching the class. In this presentation we will discuss multimodal techniques, some successfully used in atomic physics, to computation in quantum mechanics, including visual, numerical, and symbolic computation. We will present select activities and projects on large eigenvalue problems, scattering, and time-dependent dynamic evolution. Working examples will be given in Python but the templates should be adaptable to other platforms.

technical paper

Assessments provide opportunities for students to make sense of curriculum by connecting their existing ideas to generate new knowledge. As educators, we would like to be able to engage students in this process of sensemaking to help their learning. Through a case study, we present an approach to identifying assessment task features that facilitate sensemaking. The context involves an introductory student's attempt to a physics problem. We analyze the student's transcript through the lens of sensemaking epistemic game and note the student's actions (`moves') while solving the problem. By analyzing these moves, we argue that the assessment features that played a role in the student's sensemaking can be identified. We find that the presence of a real-world context, engaging with multiple representations, and requiring a physical interpretation of a numerical answer to be instrumental in student's sensemaking. Identifying task features in this way can be instrumental in designing future assessment tasks that increase the chances students engage in sensemaking while working on them.

How modeling informs students’ engagement in sensemaking

Previous literature about students’ understanding of heat and temperature emphasizes students’ misunderstandings of canonical physics concepts. In our study, we used a resources-oriented approach to analyze data from 653 students’ responses to questions about thermal phenomena, highlighting ways in which their responses could serve valuable resources for continued learning. We categorized our findings into three common conceptual resources. These resources can be used to strengthen teaching methods by using students’ understanding of heat and temperature, to foster their learning processes and help them to develop more advanced physics ideas.



Exploring Student Conceptual Resources About Heat and Temperature

Much existing physics education research (PER) on student ideas about momentum focuses on the difficulties that students face when learning this topic. These difficulties are framed as obstacles for students to overcome in order to develop correct understandings of physics. Our research takes a resources-oriented approach to analyzing student responses to momentum questions, viewing student ideas as valuable and potentially productive for learning, over and above their correctness. Here, we highlight four conceptual resources that provide insight into students’ ideas about momentum, which are the conservation resource, direction resource, collisions resource and properties resource These resources are context-dependent and can be elicited and built on by instructors to support students in developing more complex and sophisticated understandings of physics.

Student Resources for Understanding Momentum

This study applies Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) analysis using confirmatory methods to the Brief Electricity and Magnetism Assessment (BEMA) to explore the assessment's structure and to determine an optimal model of student knowledge measured by the assessment. These methods were used to investigate a large dataset (N=9666) from a research university in the western United States. Confirmatory MIRT analysis fit a theoretical model developed from expert solutions to the instrument and identified two optimal models: an optimal principle model and an optimal topical model. The optimal principle model consisted of 28 principles, fundamental reasoning steps needed to solve items in the BEMA. A second model, the optimal topical model, consisted of five general subtopics of electromagnetism. Both the optimal principle and optimal topical model had excellent fit statistics.


Multidimensional Item Response Theory and the BEMA: Modeling Student Thinking

Building on my presentations in the past, I argue that students can become more grounded in physics by the realization of that multitude of physics equations which can be regarded in terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy or Conservation of Mass. Examples of this are in Kirchhoff's two Laws of Electricity in terms of, respectively, voltage loops which is scaled per charge and current splitting scaled per time. Another set of complementary examples is in fluid dynamics regarding, respectively, Bernoulli's Equation which is scaled per volume and the Continuity Equation scaled per time (see also Poster Session for details). Revisiting these Conservation Laws also underscores their broad importance and aids in student recall and additional application into the future. Examples of potential confusions and pitfalls for teachers to be aware of are given.

Spiraling Conservation of Energy/Mass in Introductory Physics: Kirchhoff to Bernoulli

Parallel Pedagogy Introductory Mechanics, at Cal Poly since 2014 [P.Schwartz, TPT, 55, 280 (2017)]:
• We simultaneously introduce momentum, energy, dynamics, kinematics on the first day;
• build complexity while repeating the process in the following order: rotation, systems, components, trigonometry, the two quadratic kinematics equations;
• require full conceptual support, rather than correct answer, for credit;
• engage students at home with interactive videos and textbook, reserving class time for group work, demonstrations, discussion;
• while learning assistants model learning process, stimulate conversation.
After 16 classes, >900 students.
• Most students prefer this method.
• CLASS (Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey, http://www.colorado.edu/ sei/class/) results indicate improvement – especially applied conceptual understanding.
• Students demonstrate superior concept application (Pedagogy Changes Can Improve Concept Application, O.Staveland, P.Schwartz, TPT, submitted)
• Using publicly-available text and interactive videos, a first-time mechanics instructor seamlessly and successfully adopted parallel pedagogy.
Support: http://sharedcurriculum.peteschwartz.net/parallel-pedagogy/ 
As soon as it publishes, please see:
"Pedagogy Changes Can Improve Concept Application" O. Staveland, P. Schwartz, The Physics Teacher, in press


Parallel Pedagogy: Seven Years, and 1000 Students Later

I will speak briefly about why I like the approach of parallel pedagogy, then provide a link to a Perusall(R) course that I have set up just for the meeting, populated with some or all of the OER textbook I’m using for my introductory physics classes. I’ll highlight the format of the book and explain the motivation behind the formatting. Then I will share examples of student work that follow the pattern of analysis used in the book. I will also show how I use Perusall(R) for asynchronous interactions and myOpenMath for immediate feedback to students.

Using OER materials, Perusall(R), and myOpenMath with Parallel Pedagogy

Computer simulations have been used to support student learning in physics, not only to boost conceptual understanding but to make labs more widely accessible to different populations. However, their impact on student learning has shown mixed results. To better understand this impact, HTML5-based computer simulations for topics in mechanics were investigated in a large, algebra-based, studio physics course for life science students at a private, research-intensive institution. Over a period of three years, we compared learning outcomes of students using traditional hands-on equipment only, a simulation only, or a hybrid combination of both for activities on energy, momentum, simple harmonic motion, and rotational dynamics. We will present our findings of this study through an equity lens, both from the experience of online learning due to the global pandemic and from consideration of the limited access to lab equipment for many students.

Use of physics simulations in supporting equity and student learning

The sudden transition to remote instruction left many students struggling to fully engage with courses which had fewer opportunities for meaningful interpersonal interactions. In response, we formed “Learning Pods – online learning communities of small student groups connected through Slack and mentored in collaboration skills. Subsequently, Learning Pods became an organizing structure of the introductory calculus-based mechanics course. Features of the Learning Pod Intervention varied as we scaled up from courses with ~100 students to those with 300-500 students. Based on analysis of student survey questions, we present preliminary indicators of increased student self-efficacy and improved engagement with instructors and peers. Improved self-efficacy and engagement have been correlated with improved success and persistence, especially for students from groups underrepresented in physics. We observe that different implementations increased student self-efficacy to different degrees, and that instructor and TA engagement in mentoring effective collaboration lowered barriers for students’ engagement with TAs.

Facilitating Online Learning Communities in Large-Enrollment Introductory Physics Courses

We developed a number of digital tools to support teaching quantum mechanics. The idea behind that is main concepts of quantum mechanics are non-intuitive to an uninitiated student due to the lack of daily experience with quantum mechanics: The basis of intuition is experience. Therefore, teaching quantum mechanics with a support of numerical experiments for all main topics of quantum mechanics appears to be essential for an efficient and quick learning process. The numerical experiments are prepared using PYTHON computer codes and a graphical interface. Students and instructors can use the graphical interface to change parameters of the suggested numerical experiments or they can download, modify and run the codes on their personal computers. Finally, a website, gathering overall numerical experiments, was designed. It can be used by universities and institutions in their different educations.

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