United States

In this work, we introduce 6D Convolutional Neural Network (6DCNN) designed to tackle the problem of detecting relative positions and orientations of local patterns when processing three-dimensional volumetric data. 6DCNN also includes SE(3)-equivariant message-passing and nonlinear activation operations constructed in the Fourier space. Working in the Fourier space allows significantly reducing the computational complexity of our operations. We demonstrate the properties of the 6D convolution and its efficiency in the recognition of spatial patterns. We also assess the 6DCNN model on several datasets from the recent CASP protein structure prediction challenges. Here, 6DCNN improves over the baseline architecture and also outperforms the state of the art.

AAAI 2022

6DCNN with Roto-Translational Convolution Filters for Volumetric Data Processing

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

technical paper

We present a novel generalized zero-shot algorithm to recognize perceived emotions from gestures. Our task is to map gestures to novel emotion categories not encountered in training. We introduce an adversarial autoencoder-based representation learning that correlates 3D motion-captured gesture sequences with the vectorized representation of the natural-language perceived emotion terms using word2vec embeddings. The language-semantic embedding provides a representation of the emotion label space, and we leverage this underlying distribution to map the gesture sequences to the appropriate categorical emotion labels. We train our method using a combination of gestures annotated with known emotion terms and gestures not annotated with any emotions. We evaluate our method on the MPI Emotional Body Expressions Database (EBEDB) and obtain an accuracy of 58.43%. We see an improvement in performance compared to current state-of-the-art algorithms for generalized zero-shot learning by an absolute 25-27%. We also demonstrate our approach on publicly available online videos and movie scenes, where the actors' pose has been extracted and map to their respective emotive states.

Learning Unseen Emotions from Gestures via Semantically-Conditioned Zero-Shot Perception with Adversarial Autoencoders

The task of Legal Statute Identification (LSI) aims to identify the legal statutes that are relevant to a given description of facts or evidence of a legal case. 
 Existing methods only utilize the textual content of facts and legal articles to guide such a task. However, the citation network among case documents and legal statutes is a rich source of additional information, which is not considered by existing models. 
 In this work, we take the first step towards utilising both the text and the legal citation network for the LSI task.
 We curate a large novel dataset for this task, including facts of cases from several major Indian Courts of Law, and statutes from the Indian Penal Code (IPC). 
 Modeling the statutes and training documents as a heterogeneous graph, our proposed model LeSICiN can learn rich textual and graphical features, and can also tune itself to correlate these features. 
 Thereafter, the model can be used to inductively predict links between test documents (new nodes whose graphical features are not available to the model) and statutes (existing nodes). 
 Extensive experiments on the dataset show that our model comfortably outperforms several state-of-the-art baselines, by exploiting the graphical structure along with textual features.

LeSICiN: A Heterogeneous Graph-Based Approach for Automatic Legal Statute Identification from Indian Legal Documents

We study a model of preference revision in which a prior preference over a set of alternatives is adjusted in order to accommodate input from an authoritative source, while maintaining certain structural constraints (e.g., transitivity, completeness), and without giving up more information than strictly necessary. We analyze this model under two aspects: the first allows us to capture natural distance-based operators, at the cost of a mismatch between the input and output formats of the revision operator. Requiring the input and output to be aligned yields a second type of operator, which we characterize using preferences on the comparisons in the prior preference Prefence revision is set in a logic-based framework and using the formal machinery of belief change, along the lines of the well-known AGM approach: we propose rationality postulates for each of the two versions of our model and derive representation results, thus situating preference revision within the larger family of belief change operators.

An Axiomatic Approach to Revising Preferences

We consider first-order (FO) rewritability for query answering in ontology mediated querying (OMQ) in which ontologies are formulated in Horn fragments of description logics (DLs). In general, OMQ approaches for such logics rely on non-FO rewriting of the query and/or on non-FO completion of the data, called a ABox. Specifically, we consider the problem of FO rewritability in terms of Beth definability, and show how Craig interpolation can then be used to effectively construct the rewritings, when they exist, from the Clark's completion of Datalog-like programs encoding a given DL TBox and optionally a query. We show how this approach to FO rewritability can also be used to (a) capture integrity constraints commonly available in backend relational data sources, (b) capture constraints inherent in mapping such sources to an ABox , and (c) can be used an alternative to deriving so-called perfect rewritings of queries in the case of DL-Lite ontologies.

First Order Rewritability in Ontology-Mediated Querying in Horn Description Logics

Traditionally, clustered federated learning groups clients with the same data distribution into a cluster, so that every client is uniquely associated with one data distribution and helps train a model for this distribution. We relax this hard association assumption to soft clustered federated learning, which allows every local dataset to follow a mixture of multiple source distributions. We propose FedSoft, which trains both locally personalized models and high-quality cluster models in this setting. FedSoft limits client workload by using proximal updates to require the completion of only one optimization task from a subset of clients in every communication round. We show, analytically and empirically, that FedSoft effectively exploits similarities between the source distributions to learn personalized and cluster models that perform well.

FedSoft: Soft Clustered Federated Learning with Proximal Local Updating

A common feature of non-monotonic logics is that the classical notion of equivalence does not preserve the intended meaning in light of additional information. Consequently, the term strong equivalence was coined in the literature and thoroughly investigated. In the present paper, the knowledge representation formalism under consideration are claim-augmented argumentation frameworks (CAFs) which provide a formal basis to analyze conclusion-oriented problems in argumentation by adapting a claim-focused perspective. CAFs extend Dung AFs by associating a claim to each argument representing its conclusion. In this paper, we investigate both ordinary and strong equivalence in CAFs. Thereby, we take the fact into account that one might either be interested in the actual arguments or their claims only. The former point of view naturally yields an extension of strong equivalence for AFs to the claim-based setting while the latter gives rise to a novel equivalence notion which is genuine for CAFs. We tailor, examine and compare these notions and obtain a comprehensive study of this matter for CAFs. We conclude by investigating the computational complexity of naturally arising decision problems.

Equivalence in Argumentation Frameworks with a Claim-Centric View – Classical Results with Novel Ingredients

Student modeling sits at the epicenter of adaptive learning technology. In contrast to the voluminous work on student modeling for well-defined domains such as algebra, there has been little research on student modeling in programming (SMP) due to data scarcity caused by the unbounded solution spaces of open-ended programming exercises. In this work, we focus on two essential SMP tasks: program classification and early prediction of student success and propose a Cross-Lingual Adversarial Domain Adaptation (CrossLing) framework that can leverage a large programming dataset to learn features that can improve SMP's build using a much smaller dataset in a different programming language. Our framework maintains one globally invariant latent representation across both datasets via an adversarial learning process, as well as allocating domain-specific models for each dataset to extract local latent representations that cannot and should not be united. By separating globally-shared representations from domain-specific representations, our framework outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods for both SMP tasks.

Cross-Lingual Adversarial Domain Adaptation for Novice Programming

In this paper, based on an asymptotic analysis of the Softmax layer, we show that when training neural networks for classification tasks, the weight vectors corre sponding to each class of the Softmax layer tend to converge to the class-wise means computed at the representation layer (for specific choices of the representation activation). We further show some consequences of our findings to the context of transfer learning, essentially by proposing a simple yet effective initialization procedure that significantly accelerates the learning of the Softmax layer weights as the target domain gets closer to the source one. Experiments are notably performed on the datasets: MNIST, Fashion MNIST, Cifar10, and Cifar100 and using a standard CNN architecture.

Neural Networks Classify through the Class-Wise Means of Their Representations

RST-style discourse parsing plays a vital role in many NLP tasks, revealing the underlying semantic/pragmatic structure of potentially complex and diverse documents. Despite its importance, one of the most prevailing limitations in modern day discourse parsing is the lack of large-scale datasets. To overcome the data sparsity issue, distantly supervised approaches from tasks like sentiment analysis and summarization have been recently proposed. Here, we extend this line of research by exploiting distant supervision from topic segmentation, which can arguably provide a strong and oftentimes complementary signal for high-level discourse structures. Experiments on two human-annotated discourse treebanks confirm that our proposal generates accurate tree structures on sentence and paragraph level, consistently outperforming previous distantly supervised models on the sentence-to-document task and occasionally reaching even higher scores on the sentence-to-paragraph level.

Predicting Above-Sentence Discourse Structure using Distant Supervision from Topic Segmentation

One of the most widespread human behavioral biases is the present bias -- the tendency to overestimate current costs by a bias factor. Kleinberg and Oren (2014) introduced an elegant graph-theoretical model of inconsistent planning capturing the behavior of a present-biased agent accomplishing a set of actions. The essential measure of the system introduced by Kleinberg and Oren is the cost of irrationality -- the ratio of the total cost of the actions performed by the present-biased agent to the optimal cost. This measure is vital for a task designer to estimate the aftermaths of human behavior related to time-inconsistent planning, including procrastination and abandonment. 
 As we prove in this paper, the cost of irrationality is highly susceptible to the agent's choices when faced with a few possible actions of equal estimated costs. To address this issue, we propose a modification of Kleinberg-Oren's model of inconsistent planning. In our model, when an agent selects from several options of minimum prescribed cost, he uses a randomized procedure. We explore the algorithmic complexity of computing and estimating the cost of irrationality in the new model.

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