Italy


In zero-shot cross-lingual transfer, a supervised NLP task trained on a corpus in one language is directly applicable to another language without any additional training. A source of cross-lingual transfer can be as straightforward as lexical overlap between languages (e.g., use of the same scripts, shared subwords) that naturally forces text embeddings to occupy a similar representation space. Recently introduced cross-lingual language model (XLM) pretraining brings out neural parameter sharing in Transformer-style networks as the most important factor for the transfer. In this paper, we aim to validate the hypothetically strong cross-lingual transfer properties induced by XLM pretraining. Particularly, we take XLM-RoBERTa (XLMR) in our experiments that extend semantic textual similarity (STS), SQuAD and KorQuAD for machine reading comprehension, sentiment analysis, and alignment of sentence embeddings under various cross-lingual settings. Our results indicate that the presence of cross-lingual transfer is most pronounced in STS, sentiment analysis the next, and MRC the last. That is, the complexity of a downstream task softens the degree of cross-lingual transfer. All of our results are empirically observed and
measured, and we make our code and data publicly available.

ICPR 2020

Analyzing Zero-shot Cross-lingual Transfer in Supervised NLP Tasks

zero-shot transfer learning

cross-lingual language model

natural language processing

ICPR 2020 is the premier international conference on Pattern Recognition, gathering leading researchers from around the world to present their latest achievements in Pattern Analysis and Recognition, applied Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. The topic of the year is " Putting Artificial intelligence to work on Patterns". 
For the first time, ICPR has employed a two-round review process similar to journal submissions, with new papers allowed to be submitted in either the first or second round and papers submitted in the first round and not accepted allowed to be revised and re-submitted for second round review. 

In this edition of the **ICPR 2020** Conference, there are 1407 Oral/Poster presentations organized in five Tracks: 
- Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning for Pattern Analysis; 
- Biometrics, Human Analysis and Behavior Understanding; Computer Vision, Robotics and Intelligent Systems; 
- Document and Media Analysis; and 
- Image and Signal Processing. 

The **ICPR 2020** Main Conference program also includes 7 Keynotes from prominent world-renowned scientists, 8 Tutorials, 28 Demos, 8 Challenges, 2 Panels, as well as an Industry/Sponsor Exhibition. In addition, 41 Workshops on a range of important current and emerging research topics complete the ICPR 2020 program. 


poster

We propose a framework to analyze vehicles behavior within shared road segments like intersections or at narrow passages. 
The system first identifies critical interaction regions based on topological knowledge. 
It then checks possible colliding trajectories from the current state of vehicles in the scene, defined by overlapping occupation times in road segments. 
The interaction between vehicles is analyzed over a short time horizon based on an initial action from one vehicle and the reaction by the other. 
The observed reaction is classified by attention and the collaboration of the opponent vehicle, whether it helps to resolve the situation or hinders it.
The output is a classification of behavior terms of active participation in the interaction and driving style in terms of collaborative or disruptive behavior.

Visual Prediction of Driver Behavior in Shared Road Areas


The use of administrative documents to communicate and leave record of business information requires of methods able to automatically extract and understand the content from such documents in a robust and efficient way. In addition, the semi-structured nature of these reports is specially suited for the use of graph-based representations which are flexible enough to adapt to the deformations from the different document templates. Moreover, Graph Neural Networks provide the proper methodology to learn relations among the data elements in these documents. 
In this work we study the use of Graph Neural Network architectures to tackle the problem of entity recognition and relation extraction in semi-structured documents. Our approach achieves state of the art results in the three tasks involved in the process. Additionally, the experimentation with two datasets of different nature demonstrates the good generalization ability of our approach.

Named Entity Recognition and Relation Extraction with Graph Neural Networks in Semi Structured Documents

This paper presents a weakly supervised object detection method based on activity label and relationship modeling, which is motivated by the assumption that configuration of human and object are similar in same activity, and joint modeling of human, active object and activity could leverage the recognition of them. Compared to most weakly supervised method taking object as independent instance, firstly, active human and object proposals are learned and filtered based on class activation map of multi-label classification. Secondly, a spatial relationship prior including relative position, scale, overlaps etc are learned dependent on action. Finally, a multistream object detection framework integrating the spatial prior and pairwise ROI pooling are proposed to jointly learn the object and action class. Experiments are conducted on HICODET dataset, and our approach outperforms the state of the art weakly supervised object detection methods.

Activity and Relationship Modeling Driven Weakly Supervised Object Detection

In this presentation, we introduce an interpretable non-linear model called itemset Sparse Bayes (iSB), which builds a Bayesian probabilistic model, while simultaneously considering variable interactions. In order to suppress the resulting large number of variables, sparsity is imposed on regression weights by a sparsity inducing prior. As a subroutine to search for variable interactions, itemset enumeration algorithm is employed with a novel bounding condition.
In computational experiments using real-world dataset, the proposed method performed better than decision tree by 10% in terms of r2. In addition, ISB gives us a clue to under- stand which variables interactions are important in optimizing an unknown function.

Automatically mining relevant variable interactions via sparse Bayesian learning

This paper addresses the task of classifying galaxy clusters, which are the largest known objects in the Universe. Galaxy clusters can be categorized as cool-core (CC), weak- cool-core (WCC), and non-cool-core (NCC), depending on their central cooling times. Traditional classification approaches used in astrophysics are inaccurate and rely on measuring surface brightness concentrations or central gas densities. In this work, we propose a multi-branch attention network that uses spatial attention to classify a given cluster. To evaluate our network, we use a database of simulated X-ray emissivity images, which contains 954 projections of 318 clusters. Experimental results show that our network outperforms several strong baseline methods and achieves a macro-averaged F1 score of 0.83. We highlight the value of our proposed spatial attention module through an ablation study.

Multi-Branch Attention Networks for Classifying Galaxy Clusters


Recent co-part segmentation methods mostly operate in a supervised learning setting, which requires a large amount of annotated data for training. To overcome this limitation, we propose a self-supervised deep learning method for co-part segmentation. Differently from previous works, our approach develops the idea that motion information inferred from videos can be leveraged to discover meaningful object parts. To this end, our method relies on pairs of frames sampled from the same video. The network learns to predict part segments together with a representation of the motion between two frames, which permits reconstruction of the target image. Through extensive experimental evaluation on publicly available video sequences we demonstrate that our approach can produce improved segmentation maps with respect to previous self-supervised co-part segmentation approaches.

Motion supervised co-part segmentation

The target of human pose estimation is to determine the body parts and joint locations of persons in the image. Angular changes, motion blur and occlusion in the natural scenes make this task challenging, while some joints are more difficult to be detected than others. In this paper, we propose an augmented Parallel-Pyramid Net (P2Net) with feature refinement by dilated bottleneck and attention module. During data preprocessing, we proposed a differentiable auto data augmentation (DA2) method. We formulate the problem of searching data augmentaion policy in a differentiable form, so that the optimal policy setting can be easily updated by back propagation during training. DA2 improves the training efficiency. A parallel-pyramid structure is followed to compensate the information loss introduced by the network. We innovate two fusion structures, i.e. Parallel Fusion and Progressive Fusion, to process pyramid features from backbone network. Both fusion structures leverage the advantages of spatial information affluence at high resolution and semantic comprehension at low resolution effectively. We propose a refinement stage for the pyramid features to further boost the accuracy of our network. By introducing dilated bottleneck and attention module, we increase the receptive field for the features with limited complexity and tune the importance to different feature channels. To further refine the feature maps after completion of feature extraction stage, an Attention Module (AM) is defined to extract weighted features from different scale feature maps generated by the parallel-pyramid structure. Compared with the traditional up-sampling refining, AM can better capture the relationship between channels. Experiments corroborate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Notably, our method achieves the best performance on the challenging MSCOCO and MPII datasets.

P^2 Net: Augmented Parallel-Pyramid Net for Attention Guided Pose Estimation

Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) has gained significant attention amongst neural architecture search approaches due to its effectiveness in finding competitive network architectures with affordable computational complexity. However, DARTS' search space is designed such that even a randomly sampled architecture performs reasonably well. Moreover, due to the complexity of search architectural building block or cell, it is unclear whether these are certain operations or the cell topology that contributes most to achieving higher final accuracy. In this work, we dissect the DARTS's search space to understand which components are most effective in producing better architectures. Our experiments show that: (1) Good architectures can be discovered regardless of the search network depth; (2) Separable convolution with 3x3 kernel is the most effective operation in this search space; and (3) The cell topology also has substantial effect on the accuracy. Based on these insights, we propose an efficient search approach referred to as eDARTS, which searches on a pre-specified cell having good topology with increased attention to important operations, using a shallow search supernet. Moreover, we propose some optimizations for eDARTS that significantly speed up the search as well as alleviate the well known skip connection aggregation problem of DARTS. eDARTS achieves an error rate of 2.53% on CIFAR-10 using a 3.1M parameters model whereas the search cost is less than 30 minutes.

Operation and Topology Aware Differentiable Architecture Search


In the present study, we have considered a large number (27) of Indian languages for recognition from their speech signals of different sources. A dense convolutional network architecture (DenseNet) has been used for this classification task. Dynamic elimination of low energy frames from the input speech signal has been considered as a preprocessing operation. Mel-spectrogram of pre-processed speech signal is fed as input to the DenseNet architecture. Language recognition performance of this architecture has been compared with that of several state-of-the-art deep architectures which include a convolutional neural network (CNN), ResNet, CNN-BLSTM and DenseNet-BLSTM hybrid architectures. Additionally, we obtained recognition performances of a stacked BLSTM architecture fed with different sets of handcrafted features for comparison purpose. Simulations for both speaker independent and speaker dependent scenarios have been performed on two different standard datasets which include (i) IITKGP-MLILSC dataset of news clips in 27 different Indian languages and (ii) Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC) dataset of telephonic conversations in 5 different Indian languages. In each case, recognition performance of the DenseNet architecture along with Mel-spectrogram features has been found to be significantly better than all other frameworks implemented in this study.

DenseRecognition of Spoken Languages of Electrocardiograms

Current sensor-based human activity recognition techniques that rely on a user-independent model struggle to generalize to new users and on to changes that a person may make over time to his or her way of carrying out activities. Incremental learning is a technique that allows to obtain personalized models which may improve the performance on the classifiers thanks to a continuous learning based on user data. Finally, deep learning techniques have been proven to be more effective with respect to traditional ones in the generation of user-independent models.
The aim of our work is therefore to put together deep learning techniques with incremental learning in order to obtain personalized models that perform better with respect to user-independent model and personalized model obtained using traditional machine learning techniques.
The experimentation was done by comparing the results obtained by a technique in the state of the art with those obtained by two neural networks (ResNet and a simplified CNN) on three datasets. The experimentation showed that neural networks adapt faster to a new user than the baseline.

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