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This paper presents the implementation of Queuing
Ports, a blocking communication protocol developed
for many-core architectures that perform a synchronized communication between cores without the need
of polling. This implementation has been performed on
M2OS-mc, a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) that
has already been tested in the Epiphany processor. The
extension presented is based on the ARINC-653’s Queuing Port communication primitive and gives an alternative to the implementation based in the ARINC-653’s
Sampling Port communication primitive previously developed.1
Keywords: many-core, queuing-port, epiphany, task
synchronization, M2OS

AEiC 2021 - 25th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies

Queuing ports for mesh based many-core processors

The purpose of the AAAI conference is to promote research in artificial intelligence (AI) and scientific exchange among AI researchers, practitioners, scientists, and engineers in affiliated disciplines. 

AAAI 2021

technical paper

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### Welcome Message from our Co-Chairs

Through this message, we want to give you our warmest welcome to the 25th Ada-Europe International Conference on Reliable Software Technologies (AEiC 2021). The special circumstances we all go through have made the conference a virtual event. Nonetheless, this will allow us to take advantage of the benefits of this format by using the Underline.io platform that allows remote participation of speakers and attendees and a virtual exhibition.
The platform will also provide a virtual space through Gather.Town to facilitate social interaction among participants, which, in addition to presenting state of the art research results, is one of the most important goals of a conference. This platform will hold various social events together with breaks and a poster session. 

The conference schedule includes a four-day program and exhibition from Monday to Thursday, with parallel tutorials on Monday, and keynotes, technical sessions and a Work-in-Progress session on the remaining three days. The technical sessions include the presentations of 13 journal-track papers, 5 industrial presentations and 6 invited talks on leading topics on reliable software technologies. The program will be completed with three outstanding keynotes that will delight the participants.

The main conference activities will be from 13:00 to 18:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST) to allow participants from America to Central Asia to attend to the conference sessions. Virtual social events are scheduled at the beginning and the end of each day. We encourage you to participate in these activities as well as visiting the exhibition. We look forward to meeting you virtually in June 2021!

**J. Javier Gutiérrez and Mario Aldea Rivas**
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Partitioning techniques are implemented in the development of safety-critical applications to ensure isolation among components. An adequate scheduling of the execution of such partitions is a key challenge so that applications meet the hard deadlines imposed. In this work, we study the effect of different partition window configuration parameters, with the aim of analyzing their impact in the worst-case response times of system tasks. This is the first step in the development of an algorithm for optimizing partition windows in hierarchically-scheduled time-partitioned distributed systems.

How windows size and number can influence the schedulability of hierarchically-scheduled time-partitioned distributed real-time systems

A thread-safe data store has been developed to enforce 
interface consistency and shared data coherency in a 
concurrent modular embedded real-time system. 
Typical messaging techniques may not provide optimal 
data transfer between software components in all 
embedded systems, especially if there is a high degree 
of data interdependency as the number of components 
increases. The data store paradigm reduces the 
overall communication load by providing finer data 
item granularity, and eliminating the copy and transfer 
of unused message content. The data store described 
in this paper is implemented with code auto-generation 
and provides compile-time error checking, ensuring 
effortless data integrity by automatically rebuilding 
when software component interfaces are changed. The 
data store has been successfully employed to rehost a 
highly-coupled legacy software application into a 
more modularized component architecture. 
Keywords: modular embedded systems, code autogeneration, concurrency, multicore, pipelined data 
transfer

Auto-generated coherent data store for concurrent modular embedded systems

Nuclear power plants are a paramount example of critical cyber-physical systems. Some of the current researches in nuclear reactor analysis concern the degree 
of acceptable uncertainty of the whole system. Some difficulties arise from weaving fields of different disciplines, 
such as computer science (e.g. embedded software and 
hardware), mechatronics (e.g. sensors and actuators) 
and physics (e.g. neutronics and thermal-hydraulics). 
To complicate the scenario further, each field demands 
different disciplines, competencies and different teams. 
In this short paper, we highlight the importance of the 
cross-fertilization of different disciplines in the nuclear 
reactor domain and we investigate emerging methods 
to control uncertainty in the nuclear reactor design. 
Keywords: Nuclear Reactors, Safety, Uncertainty, (Autonomous) Cyber-Physical Systems, Machine Learning

Adoption of ACPS in nuclear reactor analysis

Fuzion is a modern, general purpose programming language that unifies concepts found in structured, functional and object-oriented programming languages into 
the concept of a Fuzion feature. It combines a powerful syntax and safety features based on the design-bycontract principle with a simple intermediate representation that enables powerful optimizing compilers and 
static analysis tools to verify correctness aspects. 
Fuzion maps different concepts into the concept of a 
Fuzion feature and uses a simple intermediate language 
that is friendly for static analysis tools as well as for 
optimizing compilers. 
Fuzion was influenced by many other languages including Java, Python, Eiffel, Rust, Ada, Go, Lua, Kotlin, C#, 
F#, Nim, Julia, Clojure, C/C++, Scala, and many more. 
The goal of Fuzion is to define a language that has the 
expressive power present in these languages and allow 
high-performance implementation and powerful analysis tools. Furthermore, Fuzion addresses requirements 
for safety-critical applications by adding support for 
contracts that enable formal specification and detailed 
control over runtime checks. 
Keywords: safety, static analysis, programming language, certification

Fuzion – Safety through simplicity

The EDF (Earliest Deadline First) scheduling policy 
can take advantage of the existence of a synchronization 
clock mechanism to reach higher utilizations in 
distributed real-time systems, as indicated by 
theoretical research. In this work, we give the first steps 
to enable the usage of EDF and a global clock in a 
distributed system. To this end, our proposal relies on 
Linux to provide the global clock and on a Real-Time 
Operating System (RTOS) to provide the global EDF 
policy. The objective is the evaluation of global EDF to 
verify to what extent the theoretical results are met.

First steps towards an IEEE 802.1AS clock for EDF scheduling in distributed real-time systems

This paper presents the current status of the porting
of M2OS to the Arduino Uno board. M2OS is a small
real-time operating system targeted to
microcontrollers with very tight memory constraints.
M2OS provides support for a simple Ada tasking
model based on non-preemptive one-shot tasks. The
paper puts special emphasis on the adaptation of the
standard Arduino core library to be used by Ada
applications running on M2OS.
Keywords: Ada, Tasking, Arduino Uno, M2OS.

M2OS for Arduino Uno: Ada tasks and Arduino libraries working together

Several industrial domains are currently developing innovative safety-related autonomous systems characterized by increasing software complexity and high-performance requirements. Due to these features, different research initiatives aim to pave the way towards the usage of Linux for the development of such complex safety-related systems. However, the high execution path variability of the Linux kernel challenges test coverage-based verification, Highly Recommended (HR) technique by safety standards. This research describes a novel statistical analysis method for Linux kernel execution path coverage quantification, which includes the uncertainty estimation of the software execution. The method is applied to a simple, but reproducible case study, and the results of which are analyzed and explained.

Towards Linux based safety systems - A statistical approach for software execution path coverage

In order to build reliable Big Data software, we should prepare ourselves to the distributed fallacy, “A distributed 
system will always fail”. In this way, Big Data systems have been architected for survival of multiple system failures 
from the ground up. We will make a little introduction about different Big Data frameworks and their architectural 
decisions in order to be able to survive to multiple system failures in order to be reliable. 
Next, we will focus on the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT nowadays is an exploding trend with significant 
implications for the global economy. It spans industries including manufacturing, mining, agriculture, oil and gas, and 
utilities. It also encompasses companies that depend on durable physical goods to conduct business, such as 
organizations that operate hospitals, warehouses and ports or that offer transportation, logistics and healthcare 
services. Not surprisingly, the IIoT’s potential payoff is enormous. A specific example of this potential use is the 
Predictive maintenance of assets, saving over scheduled repairs, reducing overall maintenance costs and eliminating 
breakdowns up. For example, Thames Water, one of the largest providers of water in the UK, is using sensors and 
real‐time data to help the utility company anticipate equipment failures and respond more quickly to critical 
situations, such as leaks or adverse weather events. However, analyzing such large quantities of usually out‐of‐order 
real‐time data from different sensors and system is a real challenge with Big Data analytics frameworks. 
The final part of the talk will be composed of a hands‐on workshop where we will use Apache Zeppelin, Apache Kafka, 
Apache Avro, Apache Cassandra and Spark´s Structured Streaming API to see how we can solve challenges of related 
to IIoT projects such as handling late unordered data. 
All the code used along with the developer environment be available at GitHub right after the keynote.

Software reliability in the Big Data era with an industry‐minded focus

The forthcoming Ada 2022 revision of the Ada standard includes a number of significant new features, which together 
make the language more expressive and productive in a multicore context, while enhancing its safety and support for 
more complete abstractions with formal contracts. This talk will introduce these key new features with a series of 
examples: 
• parallel loops and blocks, coupled with static detection of data races and potential blocking 
• iterator syntax for incorporating filters and user‐defined iterator procedures 
• libraries for atomic operations, including fetch‐and‐add and compare‐and‐swap 
• aggregates, literals, images, and map‐reduce for user‐defined types 
• libraries for arbitrary precision integer and rational arithmetic 
• more expressive contracts using delta aggregates and declare expressions 
• the Jorvik profile as the next step up from the Ravenscar profile

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How windows size and number can influence the schedulability of hierarchically-scheduled time-partitioned distributed real-time systems

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