Brazil

In the new context of smart grids (SGs), new types of electric disturbances may occur in the electrical power systems (EPSs) current and voltage waveforms. The detection and the study of such disturbances can be useful in the operation and control of the EPSs. In order to identify any waveform abnormality or variation, novelty detectors might be used. This work presents a novelty detection technique for power quality signals based on surrogates and distances calculated in the time-frequency domain. Surrogates are signals created with the same magnitude of the Fourier spectrum from the original signal, but with the phase spectrum generated from a random uniform distribution. Tests using several cases of the most common power quality disturbances using synthetic signals were conducted. A comparison with an energy-based novelty detector currently present in the literature is performed, showing better performance results in terms of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve parameters. Also, a real-life waveform signal is used to show the presented technique in action. The surrogate technique presented in this work can be useful in the definition of the novelties ground-truth for real power signal waveforms.

IWSSIP 2020

Novelty Detection in Power Quality Signals with Surrogates: a Time-Frequency Technique

power quality

surrogate

signal processing

novelty detection

### Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Welcome to the 2025 meeting of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics! I am proud to help organize the first NAACL conference to carry the new name of our organization, one that emphasizes inclusion for all of the Americas. I am also pleased to welcome you to Albuquerque, New Mexico, a state whose unique blend of cultural influences will make for an excellent backdrop for NAACL 2025, especially with this year’s special theme on NLP in a Multicultural World. 
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Welcome to 2025 Annual Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

technical paper

The 27th International Conference on Systems, Signals and Image Processing.

One of the goals of the music information retrieval (MIR) community is to research new methods and create new systems that can efficiently and effectively retrieve and recommend songs from large databases of music content. Despite the volume of research in the area, there is a lack of music databases to support these works, i.e. databases that comply with some quite desirable requirements for the development of researches, such as: a huge amount of music pieces, the audio signal availability and a great diversity of audio attributes. In order to contribute to the MIR community, we present Music4All, a new music database which contains metadata, tags, genre information, 30-seconds audio clips, lyrics, and so on. Additionally, we also exemplify some MIR tasks that may benefit from our database and compare it with other databases proposed in the literature. To request the Music4All database, send an e-mail to contact4music4all@gmail.com.

Music4All: A New Music Database and its Applications

In this paper, we propose a method for face recognition
by applying data augmentation and transfer learning in pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our main focus
is to analyze the power of data augmentation for face recognition
systems with CNN transfer learning. We extracted features from
the images and trained a KNN classifier using the VGG-Face
CNN.

Data Augmentation for Face Recognition with CNN Transfer Learning

Around the world, there are many people with disabilities; it is estimated that 39 million people are blind and 246 million have limited vision, giving a total of 285 million visually impaired people. The use of information and communication technologies can help disabled people to achieve greater independence, quality of life and inclusion in social activities by increasing, maintaining or improving their functional capacities. In this context, this paper presents an automatic methodology for identifying banknotes that can be widely used by people with visual impairment. For this, we evaluated a set of four point of interest detectors, two descriptors, seven ways of generating the image signature, and six classification methodologies, which can be used as a basis for the development of applications for the identification of banknotes. Experiments performed on US Dollar (USD), Euro (EUR) and Brazilian Real Banknotes (BRL) obtained rates of accuracy of 99.78%, 99.12%, and 96.92%, respectively.

Banknote Identification Methodology for Visually Impaired People

Glaucoma is identified as one of the main global
causes of visual impairment or blindness. There is no cure or possible corrections in case of visual impairment, so the early diagnosis is essential to delay or prevent its progression. However, the disease is asymptomatic in its early stages. The disease can be detected in routine eye exams like anterior segment optical coherence tomography, which is analyzed by a specialist, but the analysis of many patients demands much time. There are two main types of the disease, open angle and angle closure glaucoma. In this paper, we propose a method for automatic detection of angle closure glaucoma in anterior segment optical coherence tomography images, based on transfer learning and multilevel convolutional neural networks to extract visual features. In the proposed method, the multilevel architecture models achieve as the best result an AUC of 0.972."

Multilevel CNN for Angle Closure Glaucoma Detection using AS-OCT Images

One of the most used statistical approaches in the
literature for computing texture information is the Gray Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM). The use of GLCM and textures descriptors calculated from there, allows, among other applications, the detection of the main direction of the elements of texture. This is possible essentially because the GLCM uses different angles to compute the relationship between the gray
tones in the image. An alternative to computing this relationship is the Sum of Difference Histograms (SDH). In contrast to GLCM, which is a bidimensional structure, SDHs are onedimensional. Once there is a relationship between the data stored in both structures, the behavior of the descriptors is similar, and the SDH have a lower computational cost being, for this, more efficient in a number of applications. In this sense, this work leads to a series of investigations regarding the correspondence between
these two approaches. Moreover, it investigates which texture descriptors, calculated from the SDH, can collaborate in the process of identifying the predominant direction of a texture.

Determining the Direction of Images Using Sum and Difference Histograms and Texture Descriptors

This work proposes the use of Genetic Algorithms (GA) to identify the area of the breast from the background in thermographic breast images. The proposed method uses color information, a fitness function based on cardioids, and GA. This is the first work in the literature to propose a Region of Interest (ROI) extraction based on GA and cariods. ROI extraction can improve the accuracy of cancer detection and assist with the standardization of acquisition protocols. The method is able to successfully separate the breast region in 52 out of 58 images, while being fully automatic, and not requiring manual selection of seed points.

ROI Extraction in Thermographic Breast Images Using Genetic Algorithms

Hybrid Capsule Network Architecture Estimation for Melanoma Detection. As uncommon as its incidence is, melanoma is considered to be one of the most aggressive and deadly skin cancers today. Risk factors for the development of the disease are related to exposure to ultraviolet rays and family history. Currently, the diagnosis is made through dermatoscopy, a noninvasive technique that aims to observe the structures of the skin. The diagnosis of melanoma is linked to the professional's experience in identifying the disease. With the advancement of computing, solutions based on deep learning were suggested to help diagnose the disease. This work has as main objective the adaptation of a capsule neural network for the task of detecting melanoma in medical images. The proposed architecture consists of the VGG16 neural network combined with a capsule neural network. The results obtained by the proposed model fed with the ISIC Archive database proved to be promising when compared to the literature, obtaining an accuracy of 92.6, sensitivity of 90.9 and specificity of 92.8.

Hybrid Capsule Network Architecture Estimation for Melanoma Detection

One of the fundamental dilemmas of mobile robotics is the use of sensory information to locate an agent in geographic space. In this paper, we developed a global relocation system to predict the robot’s position and avoid unforeseen actions from a monocular image, which we named SpaceYNet. We incorporated Inception layers to symmetric layers of down-sampling and up-sampling to solve depth-scene and 6-DoF estimation simultaneously. Also, we compared SpaceYNet to PoseNet - a state of the art in robot pose regression using CNN - in order to evaluate it. The comparison comprised one public dataset and one created in a broad indoor environment. SpaceYNet showed higher accuracy in global percentages when compared to PoseNet.

SpaceYNet: A Novel Approach to Pose and Depth-Scene Regression Simultaneously

Recently, ocular biometrics has been gaining importance in Biometrics due to the poor performance obtained in some cases by biometric systems based on characteristics of the whole face. This paper presents a new method for person authentication based on ocular deep features, which are extracted from the ocular region of the face by using a very deep CNN (Convolutional Neural Network). Another interesting aspect of our method is that, instead of using directly the deep features as input for the authentication system, it uses the difference between the probe and gallery deep features. So, our method adopts a pairwise strategy. A binary support vector machine is trained to determine whether a given difference vector is genuine or impostor. The proposed new method based on such pairwise strategy was evaluated using the ocular left set of the UBIPr dataset and five pre-trained CNN architectures. When using the pre-trained VGG-Face the proposed method obtained a state-of-the-art result (3.18% of Equal Error Rate).


Ocular Recognition Using Deep Features for Identity Authentication

This work explores and compares the plethora of metrics for the performance evaluation of object-detection algorithms. Average precision (AP), for instance, is a popular metric for evaluating the accuracy of object detectors by estimating the area under the curve (AUC) of the precision × recall relationship. 
Depending on the point interpolation used in the plot, two different AP variants can be defined and, therefore, different results are generated. AP has six additional variants increasing the possibilities of benchmarking. The lack of consensus in different works and AP implementations is a problem faced by the academic and scientific communities. Metric implementations written in different computational languages and platforms are usually distributed with corresponding datasets sharing a given bounding box description. Such projects indeed help the community with evaluation tools, but demand extra work to be adapted for other datasets and bounding-box formats. This work reviews the most used metrics for object detection detaching their differences, applications, and main concepts. It also proposes a standard implementation that can be used as a benchmark among different datasets with minimum adaptation on the annotation files.

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Music4All: A New Music Database and its Applications

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